General: |
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Name: Bismuth
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Symbol: Bi
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Group: Metal, Nitrogen group
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Atomic weight: 208.9804
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Density @ 293 K: 9.8 g/cm3
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Atomic volume: 21.3 cm3/mol
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Group: Metal, Nitrogen group
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discovered: 1600
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States: |
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state (s, l, g): s
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melting point: 544.5 K
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boiling point: 1837 K
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Heat of fusion: 11.30 kJ/mol
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Heat of vaporization: 104.80 kJ/mol
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Energies: |
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1st ionization energy: 703.3 kJ/mole
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electronegativity: 2.02
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2nd ionization energy: 1610 kJ/mole
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electron affinity: 91.3 kJ/mole
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3rd ionization energy: 2466 kJ/mole
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Specific heat: 0.12 J/gK
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heat atomization: 207 kJ/mole atoms
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Oxidation & Electrons: |
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Shells: 2,8,18,32,18,5
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electron configuration: [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
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minimum oxidation number: -3
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maximum oxidation number: 5
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min. common oxidation no.: 0
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max. common oxidation no.: 3
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Appearance & Characteristics: |
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structure: rhombohedral
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color: white
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uses: antacid, fusible alloy
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toxicity:
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hardness: 2.5 mohs
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characteristics: brittle
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Reactions: |
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reaction with air: mild, w/ht =>Bi2O3
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reaction with 6M HCl: none
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reaction with 6M HCl: none
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reaction with 15M HNO3: mild, =>Bi(NO3)3, NOx
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reaction with 6M NaOH:
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Other Forms: |
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number of isotopes: 1
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hydride(s): BiH3
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oxide(s): Bi2O3
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chloride(s): BiCl3 BiCl4
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Radius: |
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ionic radius (2- ion): pm
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ionic radius (1- ion): pm
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atomic radius: 150 pm
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ionic radius (1+ ion): pm
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ionic radius (2+ ion): pm
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ionic radius (3+ ion): 117 pm
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Conductivity: |
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thermal conductivity: 7.92 J/m-sec-deg
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electrical conductivity: 9.363 1/mohm-cm
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polarizability: 7.4 A^3
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Abundance: |
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source: Pb smelting by-product
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rel. abund. solar system: -0.842 log
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abundance earth's crust: -0.8 log
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cost, pure: 11 $/100g
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cost, bulk: $/100g
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