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Successfully applying spectroscopy to scientific problems requires a basic understanding of the components that are available to produce and control electromagnetic radiation. This outline leads to documents that discuss basic optics, light and excitation sources, wavelength separators, and light detectors. A separate document on optical materials gives practical guidelines for choosing optics for different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Basic OpticsmirrorsprismslensespolarizersRadiation sources for absorption and fluorescence spectroscopyBlackbodyDischarge and arc lampsHollow-cathode lampLasersWavelength separatorsFiltersMonochromatorsInterferometersRadiation detectorsOverviewPhotomultiplier tubeSemiconductors (photodiodes and photovoltaics)Photodiode arrayCharge-coupled detector array
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