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effective charge definition
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Change in effective charge is a quantity obtained by comparison of the polar effect of substituents on the free energies of rate or equilibrium processes with that on a standard ionization equilibrium. Provided the effective charge on the states in the standard equilibrium are defined, then it is possible to measure effective charges for states in the reaction or equilibrium under consideration. WILLIAMS (1984, 1992).

See also:
Electron Configuration definition
electron detachment definition
electroneutrality principle definition
electron attachment definition
electrodes definition
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