In nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy this parameter, , is used for describing non-symmetric fields. It is defined as = (qxx - qyy)/qzz in which qxx, qyy andqzz are the components of the field gradient q (which is the second derivative of the time-averaged electric potential) along the x-, y- and z-axes. By convention qzz refers to the largest field gradient, qyy to the next largest and qxx to the smallest when all three values are different.
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